#descriptive geometry
- Antiparallel — Being oriented in the same mathematical or geometric direction, but in a strictly opposite sense; a geometric element, vector, or straight line whose vector orientations mutually cancel each other out through direction reversal. In plane geometry, the term defines two lines that intersect two sides of an angle in such a way that they form equal but antipositioned angles relative to a symmetrical axis or a reference secant.
- Axonometry — A geometric method and technical procedure of three-dimensional graphical representation of an object on a single projection plane, by referencing it to an orthogonal system of three coordinate spatial axes. Unlike converging perspective, this type of structural organization keeps parallel lines unchanged and allows direct or proportional measurement of the object's dimensions along the axes, offering a technical visualization of superior clarity.