#communication theory

• Speech act — A fundamental concept in linguistic pragmatics (developed by J.L. Austin and J. Searle) that defines an utterance not just as a sequence of words, but as an intentional action through which the speaker alters the state of affairs in reality (e.g., promising, ordering, asserting). The structure of a speech act includes three correlated dimensions: the locutionary act (producing the utterance), the illocutionary act (the intended force of the message), and the perlocutionary act (the effect produced on the receiver).
• Speaker — A person who speaks, addresses a speech or an allocution to an audience; the sender of an oral message in a direct communication act. In correlation with the term 'allocutary' (the addressee), the speaker represents the active speaking subject who initiates the verbal interaction, selects stylistic registers, and shapes the utterance according to their pragmatic intent.
• Self-retraction — The act of self-contradicting and its result; an official, voluntary, and autonomous retraction of a statement, declaration, or position previously expressed by the same person or institution. This structural act restores the factual or legal truth in the public space, canceling the validity of an erroneous communiqué issued in the past.
• Self-eulogistic — Containing praise addressed to oneself; relating to a discourse, text, or attitude through which someone excessively glorifies or praises themselves, utilizing stylistic devices specific to panegyrics or classic odes.
• Authoritative — Denoting, expressing, or imposing authority; firm, decisive, and dignified, inspiring natural respect and compliance through competence without resorting to tyranny. In developmental psychology, the authoritative style (as opposed to authoritarian) combines firm demands with affection, open communication, and support for individual autonomy.