#biblical archaeology
- Aram — An ancient historical region located in the Near East, covering most of contemporary Syria, Lebanon, and parts of Iraq and Turkey, representing the homeland of the Arameans. In biblical texts and Assyrian records, the term designates a fluctuating confederation of independent Aramaean kingdoms (such as Aram-Damascus) that played a major geopolitical and linguistic role in antiquity through the spread of the Aramaic language as the lingua franca of the region.
- Ascalon — The historical name of an ancient Mediterranean port city located in the Near East (today Ashkelon in Israel), recognized as one of the oldest and most important urban centers in ancient Canaan and one of the five principal cities of the Philistines; famous in biblical history and the Crusades era, being the site of a famous battle in 1099.