#artesian well

• Artesian — Said of a well, a borehole, or an underground aquifer under high hydrostatic pressure between two impermeable rock layers, causing the water to gush out naturally and continuously above the ground level through artificial pipes or geological fissures without the aid of mechanical pumps. The name originates from the historical Artois province in France, where this type of deep hydrological drilling was executed and structurally documented since the 12th century.
• Artois — A historical region and former province in northern France, located in the modern Pas-de-Calais department, famous for its chalky plains and World War I battlefields. In hydrogeology, the name of this region is the core entity from which the term artesian well originates, due to the first wells of this type drilled there in the 12th century.