#antrum

• Antral — Pertaining to an antrum or relating to a closed anatomical cavity; most frequently, the term describes the lower region of the stomach (pyloric antrum) or the maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore). In gastroenterology, it defines structures or pathological processes located strictly within the distal gastric portion preceding the pyloric canal.
• Antrectomy — A major surgical procedure consisting of the total or partial excision of the gastric antrum (the lower portion of the stomach). This complex medical procedure is indicated in severe cases of treatment-refractory peptic ulcers, hemorrhagic complications, or localized neoplasms, and is frequently combined with a vagotomy to drastically reduce hydrochloric acid secretion.
• Antropylorectomy — A major surgical intervention consisting of the partial or total excision of the lower stomach region, including both the gastric antrum and the pylorus (the muscular sphincter leading to the duodenum). This specialized surgical procedure is urgently performed in severe cases of infiltrative gastric neoplasm, refractory gastric ulcers complicated by tight pyloric stenosis, or massive perforations.
• Antropyloritis — An acute or chronic inflammatory condition of the gastric mucosa, localized simultaneously within the gastric antrum and the pylorus. This specific form of distal gastritis is frequently triggered by chronic Helicobacter pylori infection or alkaline bile reflux, causing symptoms such as postprandial epigastric pain, nausea, bloating, and disruptions in normal gastric emptying.
• Antrostomy — A surgical procedure consisting of creating a permanent or temporary opening into a natural body cavity, particularly the maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore), through the nasal wall, in order to ensure continuous drainage and effective ventilation of pathological secretions.
• Antrum — A natural anatomical cavity or chamber, located within a bone or a hollow organ; most commonly used to designate the lower portion of the stomach (pyloric antrum), the maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore), or the cavity within the temporal bone (mastoid antrum), playing an essential role in storage, secretion, or fluid drainage.