#andaluz

• Abubacer — The Latinized name of Ibn Tufayl (Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Tufayl al-Qaysi), an illustrious Arabic philosopher, physician, mathematician, and astronomer from medieval Andalusia (Islamic Spain). He is globally renowned for authoring the philosophical treatise 'Hayy ibn Yaqdhan' (Alive, son of Awake), considered the first philosophical novel in history, a visionary work exploring empiricism, self-taught spiritual enlightenment, and the evolution of the human intellect in total isolation from society.
• Algeciras — A major city and seaport in southern Spain, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, located on the Bay of Gibraltar. It stands as one of the largest transshipment ports in Europe and the Mediterranean basin, acting as a strategic maritime hub connecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean routes. Historically founded by the Moors, its name derives from Arabic.
• Alhambra — A fortified complex of palaces, courtyards, and spectacular gardens located in Granada, Andalusia, southern Spain. Built primarily during the Muslim Nasrid dynasty (13th-14th centuries), it stands as the absolute masterpiece of Moorish art in Europe and is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
• Almanzor — The historical era name and military title borne by the famous Muslim political and military leader of Al-Andalus (Al-Mansur, c. 938–1002), de facto regent of the Caliphate of Cordoba, renowned for his victorious campaigns against the Christian kingdoms of northern Spain. In geography, the term designates the highest mountain peak in the Sierra de Gredos landmass (Pico Almanzor, 2,592 m) in central Spain, named in his honor according to local legends.
• Almeria — A coastal city, seaport, and municipality in southeastern Spain, located within the autonomous community of Andalusia, serving as the capital of the homonymous province. The city is famous in European geography for its hot semi-arid climate, being surrounded by Europe's only true desert (Tabernas Desert), and is historically renowned for its Moorish fortress Alcazaba de Almería and its current role as a major hub in greenhouse-based intensive agriculture.
• Almohads — Members of a Berber Muslim dynasty and religious movement (Al-Muwaḥḥidūn, meaning 'the unitarians' or 'those who affirm the unity of God') founded in the 12th century by Ibn Tumart; they established a vast empire that dominated the entire Maghreb and southern Iberian Peninsula, replacing the Almoravids and enforcing a strict doctrine focused on the absolute unity of God.
• Andalusian — Belonging to Andalusia (an autonomous region in southern Spain), relating to this region, its inhabitants, or their specific culture; a person originating from Andalusia. In zoology, the term designates a famous horse breed native to this area (the Andalusian horse or Pure Spanish Horse), known for its elegance, agility, and historical use in classical equestrian art.
• Andalusian — The feminine form of andaluz; a woman originating from Andalusia or belonging to this region. In international gastronomy, the term describes culinary dishes prepared in a specific southern Spanish style, characterized by the use of tomatoes, bell peppers, garlic, and olive oil (such as Andalouse sauce or gazpacho).
• Andalusia — An autonomous community located in southern Spain, being the most populated and the second largest in the country, with its historical and administrative capital in Seville. The region is globally recognized for its fascinating cultural heritage, influenced by centuries of coexistence among Christian, Moorish, and Jewish cultures, being the birthplace of flamenco music and housing monuments of exceptional universal value such as the Alhambra in Granada.
• Andalusite — A structural mineral consisting of aluminum silicate that crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, being characteristic of metamorphic rocks formed under low pressures and medium to high temperatures. Due to its exceptional thermal resistance and high melting point, andalusite is widely used in industry as a refractory material for lining metallurgical furnaces, while its transparent and colored varieties are sometimes used as gemstones in jewelry.
• Andalusite — A linguistic variant or synonymous regional form of the standard term 'andaluzit', designating the natural aluminum silicate that crystallizes in the orthorhombic system. It is sometimes used in older geological treatises or technical translations to describe the rock or refractory mineral mass composed predominantly of this crystallized silicate type.
• Arenas — A Spanish proper name structurally used as a toponym, surname, or sports entity, meaning 'sands' in Spanish. It identifies various municipalities in Spain and Latin America (such as Arenas in Andalusia) and prominent personalities, including former NBA player Gilbert Arenas. In Spanish sports history, it refers to Arenas Club de Getxo, a historic football club from the Basque Country that was a founding member of La Liga in 1929 and won the Copa del Rey in 1919.
• Avempace — A lowercase spelling variant used in philosophical or historical texts to refer to the school of thought, commentaries, and scientific theories developed by the Andalusian philosopher Avempace; it represents the adaptation of his name as an epistemic common noun to denote a type of mystical rationalism or the physical model of motion that anticipated the modern concept of inertia. Its meaning oscillates between the author's own identity and his conceptual legacy in medieval Islamic and European philosophy.
• Avenzoar — The Latinized name of Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik ibn Zuhr (1094–1162), a famous Arab physician, surgeon, and polymath from Islamic Andalusia, widely regarded as one of the greatest clinicians of the Middle Ages. Unlike other contemporary philosophers, he focused almost exclusively on empirical medicine, introducing experimental methods, animal dissection, and drug testing; his main work, 'Kitab al-Taysir', translated into Latin, served for centuries as a reference textbook in European medical universities.
• Averroes — An early or popular Romanian graphic variant for Averroes, the Latinized name of Ibn Rushd (1126–1198), the most famous Arab philosopher, physician, and polymath from Islamic Andalusia; he is renowned in world history for his revolutionary commentaries on Aristotle's works, which laid the foundations of Western radical rationalism (Averroism). The spelling reflects a simplified phonetic adaptation found in some older encyclopedias or literary translations in the Balkan region.
• Averroes — The Latinized name of Ibn Rushd (1126–1198), a famous Arab philosopher, physician, jurist, and polymath born in Córdoba, Islamic Andalusia, widely regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of the Middle Ages. His vast and rigorous commentaries on Aristotle's works preserved and reintroduced Greek philosophical heritage to Western Europe, laying the foundations of scholastic rationalism and profoundly influencing Christian and Jewish theology.
• Avicebron — The Latinized name of Solomon ibn Gabirol (circa 1021–1058), a famous Jewish poet, theologian, and philosopher from Islamic Andalusia, recognized in the history of medieval culture as a bridge between Oriental Neoplatonism and Western scholasticism. His main work, 'Fons Vitae' (The Source of Life), translated into Latin in the 12th century, exerted a profound influence on Franciscan and Dominican philosophers, promoting the theory of universal hylomorphism, which states that all substances, except God, are composed of matter and form.